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Name :Gediya Disha Vijaybhai
Roll Number:10
Class : Sem 3
Subject : What are the stages for learning and
teaching second language.
Submitted to: Department of English Maharaja
Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar University.
Second Language Learning and English as a
second language in India:
English language use in India as a second
language. British people leave the language in
India which make great effect on Indian people
after independence. Second language learning is
a conscious process where the learning of
another language other than the first language.
First language we can learn were we born . First language learn from the environment in which we live . We started to listen language when we were in mother’s womb. That will effect on us very much.
The second language on the other hand refer to
the language learned after the first language has
been acquired. There are so many stages to
learn language and getting the second language
properly.
Here are some stages for learning the second:language
1)Memory
2)cognitive
3) Comprehension
4)Learn the language by listening and speaking
5)Learn the language by reading and writing
6) Express the idea
7)Revision
8) Using method of language learning
1) Memory
When a child born after some month he
/she starts to memorize all the things
which was happened around he /she.
After that they starts to learn first native
language. This language learning is
depends on their memorizing power.
Learner tries to find better way and better
technique for learn the language. They
tries to memorize it with very conscious
mind. Sometimes they use different
technique like word charts to memorize
some pints. Sometimes they use different
way for learning and memorizing thing ,like
use of images ,use of sound , repetition
etc.
They doing lot of work to memorize the
grammar and vocabulary and repeated it .
Sometime learner use the word chart for
remember the things.
In this 21st
century learners use
technology to learn and memorize the
language also. Some learners use body
movement for learning the language and
teacher also gave them task to do a role
play for remembering the language. Many
of learners can learn the language only for
listening the language . Some learners
learn the language by using the black
board and memorize the language.
Some students memorize the language
with using of word chart and repeat it than
they can learn the language.
2)Cognitive
In this stage learner tries to do analysis on
the language. They form internal mental
codes and produce the message in the
target language. This stage help them to
internalize the language in direct way such
as through reasoning analysis,
summarizing, outline , practicing in
naturalist setting etc.
Sometimes they learn the language by
watching drama in target language and
tries to understand the language and
became aware about the pronunciation.
After remember the words they tries to
remember the sentence and tries to make
the sentence of their own.
After sometime they starts to reading the
newspaper , magazine and finding the
difficult words and tries to solve it and
memorize it.
3)Comprehension
People who use the comprehension
technique they finds themselves guessing
unknown words when listening and
reading. They tries to replace the words
they don’t know with longer phrase .Some
of them tries to understanding the
meaning only looking towards the word .
They tries to got the meaning of read the
whole passage and understand it . In the
comprehension they also tries to find out
difficult word and learn that word which
improve their vocabulary.
Some learners tries to look for clues and
nonverbal signs when they became part of
conversation.
Some learners use different learning style
to learn the second language like feeling
and thinking on the words, sensing and
intuition etc.
4) Learn the language by listening and
speaking
Listening and speaking are the basic two
skill of four basic skills. Learner learn the
language through listening speech on
target language and tries to memorize and
understand the language. After listening
the language they starts to speak the
language and finding the errors , tries to
rectifies it.
Who wants to learn English as a second
language they tries to listen English song
and remember the word and tries to
understand the word properly.
So this listening and speaking skill help the
learner to learn second language.
5)Learn the language by reading and
writing
Learner also can use other two basic skill
like reading and writing. They learn the
language by writing the paragraph and
tries to learn the similar word for one
word. Learner learn the language by
reading the textbook of target language.
Tries to remember the words. Read
different type of magazines and article.
6)Revision
After getting the basic knowledge of
language learner starts revision of the
language. Starts to read the language
many time and revise it. If the learner can
remember the language with listening
audio he /she revise the audio .
7)Using method of learning the Language
In language learning learner use many
method like Audio lingual method,
grammar translation method ,
suggestopedia , total physical response
etc.
Audio lingual method:
Audio lingual method is used to improve
communication competence in learner.
This most effective method to learn the
language. This is also known as an army
method. Learner can form grammatically
accurate the language.
Grammar translation method:
In this method first language helps the
learner to learn the second language.It
helps the learner to increases the
vocabulary and make learning activity very
easy. This method save the time and
energy of learner .
Suggestopedia:
This method promises great effective
language learning results. In this method
learner learn the language with facilitated
environment which is comfortable as
possible.
Total physical response:
This is based on physical response . Here
learner develop physically first then they
produce the language. It attempts to learn
language through activity. Learners get the
atmosphere of learning in which they
memorize and understanding language.
Here are some stages for teaching the
second language:
1) Make class’s environment educational
2) Use different kind of activity and
method for teaching
3) Use corpora
4) Use assessment method
1)Make class’s environment educational
The environment for learning language is
very important. This plays vital role for
teaching the language. Teacher should be
aware about that, that the environment of
class is educational. Teacher should
discuss the topic in class very attentively.
The discussion should be on second
language learning. Teacher use the
technique or role play in second language
and make class live. Teacher use
conversation in second language and also
told students to doing conversation in
second language.
Sometime teacher inspire the student to
introduce themselves in second language.
That is teachers responsibility to give
presentation in second language and tries
to give perfect knowledge about it to the
learner.
Teacher use the technique of reading and
writing in second language for learner so
they learn language very properly.
Teacher also can gave writing task in
second language .
2) Use different of activity and method .
Here the teacher should use activity like
role play , observation task , speaking task,
silent way , Listening task etc. Teacher
should provide the basic knowledge about
the task and after that let them do , their
own .
Teacher use different kind of method also
like audio lingual method , grammar
translation method, suggestopedia, direct
method to teach the second language.
With this activities and using of methods,
teacher observe the student and after
that give the suggestion. Teacher use some
times hand on activity also. Teacher give
them group activity or individual work for
language learning.
3)Use corpora:
Corpora have been used for the making of
dictionaries and reference work such as
the Collins . Corpora can be used to
identify t he frequent words used by the
native speakers. Teacher can tap the
patterns from corpora to teach second
language vocabulary. This may be relevant
for learners who primarily adopt
The memory strategy. This can be used to
study the common mistake made by
learner in attempt to second language.
Another useful method is computer
assisted language learning. In this teacher
use tutor aid ,tool and communication in
computer assisted language teaching. It
efficiently allows for learning when the
teacher is not present. Some computer
has tools allow to the feedback also. This
became helpful to learner when they can
not attend the class. Teacher can use other
online teaching method like flip learning
and class video technique. This became
very helpful for learner if the teacher was
not present in class. Teacher use skype,
youtube videos, asynchronous discussion
etc.
4)Teacher use assessment method :
1) oral assessment method:
In this method teacher should use engage
in dialogue method in which the learner
learn the second language by dialogue.
Sometimes teacher use story telling to the
leaner.
Self introduction became helpful to
learner .
2)Projects:
Teacher use the videos and taught the
language to the learner. Teacher give them
writing activity which can be helpful to
learner to improve the vocabulary and
handwriting in second language. Teacher
use skit also for give them knowledge
about second language.
3)written test:
Teacher use may technique for writing like
letter writing, narrative writing, grammar
writing, vocabulary test, spelling test,
comprehension test etc. With the use of
all this learner can learn the language and
got the perfect knowledge about second
language.
There are many types of other methods
which Can help the learner to learn
language. Varied style and personalities
affect the performance of learner.
Conclusion:
So there all the methods and activities can
be helpful for learners and teacher both.
Teacher should be aware about the
knowledge lacking in learner and provide
them perfect information about second
language.
Use of online materials and video and
other things help the student and learner
to learn the language properly.
Work cited:
(Stages for learning and teaching second
language)
https://blogs.ntu.edu.sg/hss-second-
language-acquisition/wiki/chapter-17/
Name :Gediya Disha Vijaybhai
Roll Number:10
Class : Sem 3
Subject : What are the stages for learning and
teaching second language.
Email: dishagediya11@gmail.com
Words:1642Submitted to: Department of English Maharaja
Krishnakumar Sinhji Bhavnagar University.
Second Language Learning and English as a
second language in India:
English language use in India as a second
language. British people leave the language in
India which make great effect on Indian people
after independence. Second language learning is
a conscious process where the learning of
another language other than the first language.
First language we can learn were we born . First language learn from the environment in which we live . We started to listen language when we were in mother’s womb. That will effect on us very much.
The second language on the other hand refer to
the language learned after the first language has
been acquired. There are so many stages to
learn language and getting the second language
properly.
Here are some stages for learning the second:language
1)Memory
2)cognitive
3) Comprehension
4)Learn the language by listening and speaking
5)Learn the language by reading and writing
6) Express the idea
7)Revision
8) Using method of language learning
1) Memory
When a child born after some month he
/she starts to memorize all the things
which was happened around he /she.
After that they starts to learn first native
language. This language learning is
depends on their memorizing power.
Learner tries to find better way and better
technique for learn the language. They
tries to memorize it with very conscious
mind. Sometimes they use different
technique like word charts to memorize
some pints. Sometimes they use different
way for learning and memorizing thing ,like
use of images ,use of sound , repetition
etc.
They doing lot of work to memorize the
grammar and vocabulary and repeated it .
Sometime learner use the word chart for
remember the things.
In this 21st
century learners use
technology to learn and memorize the
language also. Some learners use body
movement for learning the language and
teacher also gave them task to do a role
play for remembering the language. Many
of learners can learn the language only for
listening the language . Some learners
learn the language by using the black
board and memorize the language.
Some students memorize the language
with using of word chart and repeat it than
they can learn the language.
2)Cognitive
In this stage learner tries to do analysis on
the language. They form internal mental
codes and produce the message in the
target language. This stage help them to
internalize the language in direct way such
as through reasoning analysis,
summarizing, outline , practicing in
naturalist setting etc.
Sometimes they learn the language by
watching drama in target language and
tries to understand the language and
became aware about the pronunciation.
After remember the words they tries to
remember the sentence and tries to make
the sentence of their own.
After sometime they starts to reading the
newspaper , magazine and finding the
difficult words and tries to solve it and
memorize it.
3)Comprehension
People who use the comprehension
technique they finds themselves guessing
unknown words when listening and
reading. They tries to replace the words
they don’t know with longer phrase .Some
of them tries to understanding the
meaning only looking towards the word .
They tries to got the meaning of read the
whole passage and understand it . In the
comprehension they also tries to find out
difficult word and learn that word which
improve their vocabulary.
Some learners tries to look for clues and
nonverbal signs when they became part of
conversation.
Some learners use different learning style
to learn the second language like feeling
and thinking on the words, sensing and
intuition etc.
4) Learn the language by listening and
speaking
Listening and speaking are the basic two
skill of four basic skills. Learner learn the
language through listening speech on
target language and tries to memorize and
understand the language. After listening
the language they starts to speak the
language and finding the errors , tries to
rectifies it.
Who wants to learn English as a second
language they tries to listen English song
and remember the word and tries to
understand the word properly.
So this listening and speaking skill help the
learner to learn second language.
5)Learn the language by reading and
writing
Learner also can use other two basic skill
like reading and writing. They learn the
language by writing the paragraph and
tries to learn the similar word for one
word. Learner learn the language by
reading the textbook of target language.
Tries to remember the words. Read
different type of magazines and article.
6)Revision
After getting the basic knowledge of
language learner starts revision of the
language. Starts to read the language
many time and revise it. If the learner can
remember the language with listening
audio he /she revise the audio .
7)Using method of learning the Language
In language learning learner use many
method like Audio lingual method,
grammar translation method ,
suggestopedia , total physical response
etc.
Audio lingual method:
Audio lingual method is used to improve
communication competence in learner.
This most effective method to learn the
language. This is also known as an army
method. Learner can form grammatically
accurate the language.
Grammar translation method:
In this method first language helps the
learner to learn the second language.It
helps the learner to increases the
vocabulary and make learning activity very
easy. This method save the time and
energy of learner .
Suggestopedia:
This method promises great effective
language learning results. In this method
learner learn the language with facilitated
environment which is comfortable as
possible.
Total physical response:
This is based on physical response . Here
learner develop physically first then they
produce the language. It attempts to learn
language through activity. Learners get the
atmosphere of learning in which they
memorize and understanding language.
Here are some stages for teaching the
second language:
1) Make class’s environment educational
2) Use different kind of activity and
method for teaching
3) Use corpora
4) Use assessment method
1)Make class’s environment educational
The environment for learning language is
very important. This plays vital role for
teaching the language. Teacher should be
aware about that, that the environment of
class is educational. Teacher should
discuss the topic in class very attentively.
The discussion should be on second
language learning. Teacher use the
technique or role play in second language
and make class live. Teacher use
conversation in second language and also
told students to doing conversation in
second language.
Sometime teacher inspire the student to
introduce themselves in second language.
That is teachers responsibility to give
presentation in second language and tries
to give perfect knowledge about it to the
learner.
Teacher use the technique of reading and
writing in second language for learner so
they learn language very properly.
Teacher also can gave writing task in
second language .
2) Use different of activity and method .
Here the teacher should use activity like
role play , observation task , speaking task,
silent way , Listening task etc. Teacher
should provide the basic knowledge about
the task and after that let them do , their
own .
Teacher use different kind of method also
like audio lingual method , grammar
translation method, suggestopedia, direct
method to teach the second language.
With this activities and using of methods,
teacher observe the student and after
that give the suggestion. Teacher use some
times hand on activity also. Teacher give
them group activity or individual work for
language learning.
3)Use corpora:
Corpora have been used for the making of
dictionaries and reference work such as
the Collins . Corpora can be used to
identify t he frequent words used by the
native speakers. Teacher can tap the
patterns from corpora to teach second
language vocabulary. This may be relevant
for learners who primarily adopt
The memory strategy. This can be used to
study the common mistake made by
learner in attempt to second language.
Another useful method is computer
assisted language learning. In this teacher
use tutor aid ,tool and communication in
computer assisted language teaching. It
efficiently allows for learning when the
teacher is not present. Some computer
has tools allow to the feedback also. This
became helpful to learner when they can
not attend the class. Teacher can use other
online teaching method like flip learning
and class video technique. This became
very helpful for learner if the teacher was
not present in class. Teacher use skype,
youtube videos, asynchronous discussion
etc.
4)Teacher use assessment method :
1) oral assessment method:
In this method teacher should use engage
in dialogue method in which the learner
learn the second language by dialogue.
Sometimes teacher use story telling to the
leaner.
Self introduction became helpful to
learner .
2)Projects:
Teacher use the videos and taught the
language to the learner. Teacher give them
writing activity which can be helpful to
learner to improve the vocabulary and
handwriting in second language. Teacher
use skit also for give them knowledge
about second language.
3)written test:
Teacher use may technique for writing like
letter writing, narrative writing, grammar
writing, vocabulary test, spelling test,
comprehension test etc. With the use of
all this learner can learn the language and
got the perfect knowledge about second
language.
There are many types of other methods
which Can help the learner to learn
language. Varied style and personalities
affect the performance of learner.
Conclusion:
So there all the methods and activities can
be helpful for learners and teacher both.
Teacher should be aware about the
knowledge lacking in learner and provide
them perfect information about second
language.
Use of online materials and video and
other things help the student and learner
to learn the language properly.
Work cited:
(Stages for learning and teaching second
language)
https://blogs.ntu.edu.sg/hss-second-
language-acquisition/wiki/chapter-17/
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